About This Article
Zoom Health has more than 20 years’ experience providing health information and home health products. This article explains the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of kidney infections.
Published: 20 June 2023 | Last Updated: 19 September 2026 | By: Anthony Cunningham
Kidney infections, also known as pyelonephritis, are a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects one or both kidneys. They are most commonly caused by bacteria that have spread from the bladder to the kidneys. Symptoms include fever, pain in the lower back or side just below the ribs, nausea, and pain or burning while urinating.
Kidney infections are serious and can be life threatening if left untreated. They can damage the kidneys and, if the infection is severe, can lead to kidney failure. For this reason, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly if you have any symptoms of a kidney infection.
Ask for an urgent GP appointment or contact NHS 111 if you think you may have a kidney infection, particularly if you are pregnant or have fever, shivering, back or side pain, vomiting or blood in your urine.
The bacteria that cause kidney infections most commonly come from the bowel, enter the urinary tract and spread from the bladder to the kidneys. This is why, in some cases, the infection can be prevented by practising good hygiene. For example, wiping from front to back after using the toilet can help.
How Are Kidney Infections Diagnosed?
You can be diagnosed with a kidney infection by your doctor based on the symptoms you are experiencing. Your doctor will usually test a urine sample to help confirm the diagnosis and identify the infection. You may also need a blood test to determine whether you have bacteria in your blood. Home urine tests cannot confirm or rule out a kidney infection, so seek medical advice promptly if you have symptoms.
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The Zoom Health Urine Infection Test screens urine for leukocytes, nitrites and blood, which can be markers of a urinary tract infection. It cannot diagnose or rule out a kidney infection. If you have kidney-infection symptoms, seek medical advice promptly rather than waiting for a home-test result.
How Is a Kidney Infection Treated?
Treatment usually involves a course of antibiotics as well as drinking plenty of fluids to help you stay hydrated. People with kidney problems should ask their doctor how much fluid is appropriate. In some cases, hospitalisation may be necessary, and antibiotics may be given through a drip.
By recognising the symptoms and seeking help as soon as possible, kidney infections can be treated quickly and effectively. It’s important, however, to take steps to prevent them in the first place. Good hygiene and prompt treatment of any other UTIs can help reduce the risk.
Other preventative measures include drinking plenty of water, urinating frequently, fully emptying your bladder and wiping from front to back after using the toilet. It’s also important to avoid delaying urination if you feel the urge to go, as this can allow bacteria to multiply in the bladder.
For those with recurrent kidney infections, further testing may be necessary to identify any underlying conditions that could be contributing to the problem. Such conditions might include kidney stones or an enlarged prostate, which can both obstruct urine flow and increase the risk of infection.
Overall, taking good care of your urinary tract is key to preventing kidney infections and other UTIs. By staying hydrated, practising good hygiene and seeking prompt treatment when needed, you can help keep your kidneys healthy and avoid the discomfort and potential complications of infection.
About the Author
Anthony Cunningham, BA (Hons), MA, is a UK-based health writer and editor with over 20 years’ experience running Zoom Health, a trusted source for home health tests, preventive care and wellness guidance. He creates clear, evidence-based articles using NHS, NICE and WHO guidance. Where possible, content is reviewed by practising clinicians to enhance accuracy and reliability, helping readers make informed healthcare decisions.
Medical Disclaimer
This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you have concerns about your health or symptoms, speak to your GP or another qualified healthcare professional. In an emergency, seek urgent medical help.
