About This Article
Zoom Health has more than 20 years’ experience providing health information and home healthcare products. This article examines research into the rise in childhood type 1 diabetes diagnoses during the Covid-19 pandemic and explains why recognising the symptoms remains important.
Published: 30 June 2023 | Last Updated: 10 September 2026 | By: Anthony Cunningham
A study published in the JAMA Network Open journal revealed a substantial increase in the number of children and teenagers diagnosed with type 1 diabetes after the Covid-19 pandemic began. Researchers examined data from various countries, including the UK, and found that the incidence rate of childhood type 1 diabetes rose by 14% during the first year of the pandemic compared with pre-Covid levels, and by 27% in the second year. While some of the increase may have been due to catch-up from backlogs and delayed diagnoses when access to health services was disrupted, this did not account for all the newly diagnosed cases.
The underlying cause of the rise in type 1 diabetes cases remains unclear, but researchers have put forward several theories. One possibility is that Covid-19 may trigger an autoimmune reaction in some children, increasing the risk of diabetes. However, not all studies have found evidence to support this theory. Another hypothesis is that reduced exposure to germs during lockdowns and physical distancing measures may have affected children’s immune systems. These possibilities remain unproven and require further research.
The study’s authors, from the University of Toronto, emphasised the need for more resources and support for the growing number of children and adolescents affected by type 1 diabetes, regardless of the cause. Type 1 diabetes requires individuals to monitor their blood glucose levels closely and take insulin because their bodies cannot produce enough of it. It occurs in both children and adults, and while the causes are not fully known, there is currently no cure.
Speaking to the BBC, Hilary Nathan, Policy Director at the type 1 diabetes charity JDRF UK, highlighted the importance of recognising the symptoms of type 1 diabetes, including tiredness, thirst, frequent urination and weight loss. Early diagnosis and treatment can be life-saving. The report included the story of Theo, a nine-year-old boy who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes several months after recovering from Covid-19. His symptoms were initially mistaken for something less serious, but the condition was identified early and Theo now manages his diabetes with an insulin pump.
Dr Faye Riley from Diabetes UK commented that research worldwide had identified higher-than-expected numbers of diabetes diagnoses following the Covid-19 pandemic. Longer-term studies are needed to understand the trends and identify the factors that may be contributing to them.
When to Seek Medical Help
Type 1 diabetes symptoms can develop quickly, particularly in children. If a child is unusually thirsty, urinating more frequently, very tired or losing weight, seek urgent medical advice. Call 999 or go to A&E if symptoms include vomiting, stomach pain, confusion, rapid or deep breathing, or fruity-smelling breath.
About the Author
Anthony Cunningham, BA (Hons), MA, is a UK-based health writer and editor with over 20 years’ experience running Zoom Health, a trusted source for home health tests, preventive care, and wellness guidance. He creates clear, evidence-based articles using NHS, NICE, and WHO guidance. Where possible, content is reviewed by practising clinicians to enhance accuracy and reliability, helping readers make informed healthcare decisions.
Medical Disclaimer
This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you have concerns about your health or symptoms, speak to your GP or another qualified healthcare professional. In an emergency, seek urgent medical help.
