About This Article
Zoom Health has more than 20 years’ experience providing home health tests, preventive care products and practical health information. This article explains chronic kidney disease (CKD), how kidney function is classified, common symptoms and the treatment options that may be used as the condition progresses.
Published: 11 December 2022 | Last Updated: 8 September 2026 | By: Anthony Cunningham
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive medical condition wherein the kidneys become damaged, leading to the loss of their ability to effectively filter waste products from the body. It is caused by a variety of factors, including high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, genetic conditions, and certain medications. Depending on the severity, CKD can cause a number of serious medical complications including anaemia, fluid retention, kidney stones, electrolyte imbalances, and heart problems.
CKD is classified using kidney function, measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), together with the level of albumin in the urine. Kidney function is grouped into categories G1 to G5, with G3 divided into G3a and G3b. G5 represents kidney failure, although not everyone with G5 CKD will immediately require dialysis or a kidney transplant. During early stages of CKD, many individuals experience little to no symptoms. As it progresses, individuals may experience swelling in the ankles, feet or hands; fatigue; an increased need to urinate; a decrease in appetite; and a general feeling of being unwell.
Because CKD is progressive, early detection and treatment are important to help reduce the risk of long-term complications. Treatment generally includes lifestyle modifications such as controlling high blood pressure, maintaining a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. In some cases, medications and/or dialysis or a kidney transplant may be necessary to manage the condition.
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Despite advances in medical technology, there is still no cure for CKD. However, taking steps to reduce the risk of developing the condition can help to ensure that the kidneys remain healthy and functioning properly. By making lifestyle adjustments, monitoring blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and speaking with a healthcare provider about any signs of kidney damage, individuals may help reduce their risk of CKD and other health problems.
About the Author
Anthony Cunningham, BA (Hons), MA, is a UK-based health writer and editor with over 20 years’ experience running Zoom Health, a trusted source for home health tests, preventive care, and wellness guidance. He creates clear, evidence-based articles using NHS, NICE, and WHO guidance. Where possible, content is reviewed by practising clinicians to enhance accuracy and reliability, helping readers make informed healthcare decisions.
Medical Disclaimer
This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you have concerns about your health or symptoms, speak to your GP or another qualified healthcare professional. In an emergency, seek urgent medical help.
