About This Article
Zoom Health has provided health information and home health products in the UK for over 20 years. This article explains what atherosclerosis is, how plaque builds up in the arteries, the main risk factors and steps that can help reduce cardiovascular risk.
Published: 27 December 2022 | Last Updated: 27 August 2026 | By: Anthony Cunningham
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition in which plaque builds up inside the arteries, resulting in reduced blood flow to the heart and other organs. It’s a common cause of heart disease and stroke. People with both Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes are both at risk.
Atherosclerosis is caused when fat, cholesterol and other substances accumulate on the walls of the arteries. This build-up is called plaque. The plaque can restrict blood flow and make it harder for oxygen-rich blood to reach the organs and tissues.
The buildup of plaque can cause atherosclerosis to progress without any symptoms. Over time, the condition may lead to chest pain, called angina, and other symptoms. If a blood clot forms, it can cause a heart attack or stroke.
Risk factors for developing atherosclerosis include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and a sedentary lifestyle. Other risk factors include diabetes, obesity, family history and age.
The best way to prevent atherosclerosis is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Regular physical activity, eating a healthy diet, managing stress and avoiding smoking are all important steps in lowering your risk. In addition, your doctor might prescribe cholesterol-lowering medicines, such as statins, to lower cholesterol and reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.
If you’re aged 40 to 74, you may be eligible for a free NHS Health Check, which can help identify your risk of cardiovascular disease and other long-term health conditions.
Atherosclerosis is a serious medical condition, and it needs to be taken seriously. If you think you may be at risk for atherosclerosis, talk to your doctor about how to reduce your risk factors and protect your heart health. With the right care and treatment, you can keep your arteries healthy and prevent serious complications down the road.
About the Author
Anthony Cunningham, BA (Hons), MA, is a UK-based health writer and editor with over 20 years’ experience running Zoom Health, a trusted source for home health tests, preventive care, and wellness guidance. He creates clear, evidence-based articles using NHS, NICE, and WHO guidance. Where possible, content is reviewed by practising clinicians to enhance accuracy and reliability, helping readers make informed healthcare decisions.
